{"id":1450,"date":"2022-09-05T20:45:01","date_gmt":"2022-09-05T20:45:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/?page_id=1450"},"modified":"2022-09-06T13:11:13","modified_gmt":"2022-09-06T13:11:13","slug":"vol19-no2-art2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/publicacoes\/vol19-no2\/vol19-no2-art2\/","title":{"rendered":"A Benchmark for Multi-Objective Routing in Vehicle Ad-Hoc Networks Using The Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Rodrigo Silva <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8186-2910\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1167\" src=\"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/09\/orcid.jpg\" alt=\"orcid\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" \/><\/a> &#038; Heitor Silv\u00e9rio Lopes <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3984-1432\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1167\" src=\"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/09\/orcid.jpg\" alt=\"orcid\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> The growing number of vehicles in cities has a great impact on our quality of life, such as air and noise pollution, traffic jams and traffic accidents. Cooperative Intelligent Transportation System (C-ITS) relies on communication technologies to provide innovative services and applications for transportation and traffic management. In the C-ITS context, users, roadside infrastructure and vehicles need to be connected and, for this purpose, a wide variety of wireless technologies can be used (e.g, vehicular WiFi, cellular and visible light communication). In this work we consider a VANET (Vehicular Ad-hoc NETwork) using vehicular WiFi (based on 802.11p). The communications in VANET networks have been studied for years and several routing algorithms have been developed for such a kind of network. However, a benchmark to compare the performance of such algorithms is still lacking. To fill this gap, the present work proposes a benchmark composed by instances of data routing for different scenarios in the VANET. Moreover, we propose a multi-objective algorithm based on ACO (Ant Colony Optimization) to compare with such benchmark. The results of simulations show the impact of several factors in the VANET connectivity, such as vehicle density, geographical location, propagation and fading models. The results are promising and indicate the importance of choosing appropriated simulation models.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Ant Colony Optimization, C-ITS, Vehicular Ad-hoc Network, VANET, Benchmark, NS-3.<\/p>\n<p><strong>DOI code:<\/strong> <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.21528\/lnlm-vol19-no2-art2\">10.21528\/lnlm-vol19-no2-art2<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>PDF file:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/vol19-no2-art2.pdf\">vol19-no2-art2.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>BibTex file:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/vol19-no2-art2.bib\">vol19-no2-art2.bib<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Rodrigo Silva &#038; Heitor Silv\u00e9rio Lopes Abstract: The growing number of vehicles in cities has a great impact on our quality of life, such as air and noise pollution, traffic jams and traffic accidents. Cooperative Intelligent Transportation System (C-ITS) relies <a href=\"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/publicacoes\/vol19-no2\/vol19-no2-art2\/\" class=\"read-more\">Read More &#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1443,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1450","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>A Benchmark for Multi-Objective Routing in Vehicle Ad-Hoc Networks Using The Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm - Learning and NonLinear Models<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/publicacoes\/vol19-no2\/vol19-no2-art2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A Benchmark for Multi-Objective Routing in Vehicle Ad-Hoc Networks Using The Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm - Learning and NonLinear Models\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Rodrigo Silva &#038; Heitor Silv\u00e9rio Lopes Abstract: The growing number of vehicles in cities has a great impact on our quality of life, such as air and noise pollution, traffic jams and traffic accidents. Cooperative Intelligent Transportation System (C-ITS) relies Read More ...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/publicacoes\/vol19-no2\/vol19-no2-art2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Learning and NonLinear Models\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-09-06T13:11:13+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/09\/orcid.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. tempo de leitura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"1 minuto\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/publicacoes\/vol19-no2\/vol19-no2-art2\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/publicacoes\/vol19-no2\/vol19-no2-art2\/\",\"name\":\"A Benchmark for Multi-Objective Routing in Vehicle Ad-Hoc Networks Using The Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm - Learning and NonLinear Models\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/publicacoes\/vol19-no2\/vol19-no2-art2\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/publicacoes\/vol19-no2\/vol19-no2-art2\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/09\/orcid.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-09-05T20:45:01+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-09-06T13:11:13+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/publicacoes\/vol19-no2\/vol19-no2-art2\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pt-BR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/publicacoes\/vol19-no2\/vol19-no2-art2\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-BR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/publicacoes\/vol19-no2\/vol19-no2-art2\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/09\/orcid.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/09\/orcid.jpg\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/publicacoes\/vol19-no2\/vol19-no2-art2\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Browse issues\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/publicacoes\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Learning &#038; Nonlinear Models &#8211; L&#038;NLM &#8211; Volume 19 &#8211; N\u00famero 2\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/publicacoes\/vol19-no2\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"A Benchmark for Multi-Objective Routing in Vehicle Ad-Hoc Networks Using The Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/\",\"name\":\"Learning and NonLinear Models\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"pt-BR\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Learning and NonLinear Models\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-BR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/logo-lnlm.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/logo-lnlm.png\",\"width\":398,\"height\":94,\"caption\":\"Learning and NonLinear Models\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"A Benchmark for Multi-Objective Routing in Vehicle Ad-Hoc Networks Using The Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm - Learning and NonLinear Models","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/publicacoes\/vol19-no2\/vol19-no2-art2\/","og_locale":"pt_BR","og_type":"article","og_title":"A Benchmark for Multi-Objective Routing in Vehicle Ad-Hoc Networks Using The Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm - Learning and NonLinear Models","og_description":"Rodrigo Silva &#038; Heitor Silv\u00e9rio Lopes Abstract: The growing number of vehicles in cities has a great impact on our quality of life, such as air and noise pollution, traffic jams and traffic accidents. Cooperative Intelligent Transportation System (C-ITS) relies Read More ...","og_url":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/publicacoes\/vol19-no2\/vol19-no2-art2\/","og_site_name":"Learning and NonLinear Models","article_modified_time":"2022-09-06T13:11:13+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/09\/orcid.jpg","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. tempo de leitura":"1 minuto"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/publicacoes\/vol19-no2\/vol19-no2-art2\/","url":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/publicacoes\/vol19-no2\/vol19-no2-art2\/","name":"A Benchmark for Multi-Objective Routing in Vehicle Ad-Hoc Networks Using The Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm - Learning and NonLinear Models","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/publicacoes\/vol19-no2\/vol19-no2-art2\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/publicacoes\/vol19-no2\/vol19-no2-art2\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/09\/orcid.jpg","datePublished":"2022-09-05T20:45:01+00:00","dateModified":"2022-09-06T13:11:13+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/publicacoes\/vol19-no2\/vol19-no2-art2\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"pt-BR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/publicacoes\/vol19-no2\/vol19-no2-art2\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"pt-BR","@id":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/publicacoes\/vol19-no2\/vol19-no2-art2\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/09\/orcid.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/09\/orcid.jpg"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/publicacoes\/vol19-no2\/vol19-no2-art2\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Browse issues","item":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/publicacoes\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Learning &#038; Nonlinear Models &#8211; L&#038;NLM &#8211; Volume 19 &#8211; N\u00famero 2","item":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/publicacoes\/vol19-no2\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"A Benchmark for Multi-Objective Routing in Vehicle Ad-Hoc Networks Using The Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/#website","url":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/","name":"Learning and NonLinear Models","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"pt-BR"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/#organization","name":"Learning and NonLinear Models","url":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"pt-BR","@id":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/logo-lnlm.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/logo-lnlm.png","width":398,"height":94,"caption":"Learning and NonLinear Models"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1450","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1450"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1450\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1505,"href":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1450\/revisions\/1505"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1443"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1450"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}