{"id":1318,"date":"2021-01-19T12:37:46","date_gmt":"2021-01-19T14:37:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/?page_id=1318"},"modified":"2021-01-19T12:37:46","modified_gmt":"2021-01-19T14:37:46","slug":"vol18-no2-art1","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/publicacoes\/vol18-no2\/vol18-no2-art1\/","title":{"rendered":"Comparative Analysis of Convolutional Neural Networks Applied in the Detection of Pneumonia Through X-Ray Images of Children"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Luan Oliveira da Silva <a href=\"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1436-6391\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1167\" src=\"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/09\/orcid.jpg\" alt=\"orcid\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" \/><\/a>,Leandro dos Santos Ara\u00fajo<a href=\"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1282-5187\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1167\" src=\"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/09\/orcid.jpg\" alt=\"orcid\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" \/><\/a>, Victor Ferreira Souza<a href=\"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4218-5678\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1167\" src=\"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/09\/orcid.jpg\" alt=\"orcid\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" \/><\/a>, Raimundo Matos de Barros Neto<a href=\"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9331-7557\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1167\" src=\"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/09\/orcid.jpg\" alt=\"orcid\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" \/><\/a> &amp; Adam Santos<a href=\"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5940-4961\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1167\" src=\"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/09\/orcid.jpg\" alt=\"orcid\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> Pneumonia is one of the most common medical problems in clinical practice and is the leading fatal infectious disease worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, pneumonia kills about 2 million children under the age of 5 and is constantly estimated to be the leading cause of infant mortality, killing more children than AIDS, malaria, and measles combined. A key element in the diagnosis is radiographic data, as chest x-rays are routinely obtained as a standard of care and can aid to differentiate the types of pneumonia. However, a rapid radiological interpretation of images is not always available, particularly in places with few resources, where childhood pneumonia has the highest incidence and mortality rates. As an alternative, the application of deep learning techniques for the classification of medical images has grown considerably in recent years. This study presents five implementations of convolutional neural networks (CNNs): ResNet50, VGG-16, InceptionV3, InceptionResNetV2, and ResNeXt50. To support the diagnosis of the disease, these CNNs were applied to solve the classification problem of medical radiographs from people with pneumonia. InceptionResNetV2 obtained the best recall and precision results for the Normal and Pneumonia classes, 93.95% and 97.52% respectively. ResNeXt50 achieved the best precision and f1-score results for the Normal class (94.62% and 94.25% respectively) and the recall and f1-score results for the Pneumonia class (97.80% and 97.65%, respectively).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Deep Learning, Pattern Recognition, Convolutional Neural Networks, Pneumonia.<\/p>\n<p><strong>DOI code:<\/strong> <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.21528\/lnlm-vol18-no2-art1\">10.21528\/lnlm-vol18-no2-art1<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>PDF file:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/01\/vol18-no2-art1.pdf\">vol18-no2-art1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>BibTex file:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/01\/vol18-no2-art1.bib\">vol18-no2-art1.bib<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Luan Oliveira da Silva ,Leandro dos Santos Ara\u00fajo, Victor Ferreira Souza, Raimundo Matos de Barros Neto &amp; Adam Santos Abstract: Pneumonia is one of the most common medical problems in clinical practice and is the leading fatal infectious disease worldwide. <a href=\"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/publicacoes\/vol18-no2\/vol18-no2-art1\/\" class=\"read-more\">Read More &#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1306,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1318","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Comparative Analysis of Convolutional Neural Networks Applied in the Detection of Pneumonia Through X-Ray Images of Children - Learning and NonLinear Models<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/publicacoes\/vol18-no2\/vol18-no2-art1\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Comparative Analysis of Convolutional Neural Networks Applied in the Detection of Pneumonia Through X-Ray Images of Children - Learning and NonLinear Models\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Luan Oliveira da Silva ,Leandro dos Santos Ara\u00fajo, Victor Ferreira Souza, Raimundo Matos de Barros Neto &amp; Adam Santos Abstract: Pneumonia is one of the most common medical problems in clinical practice and is the leading fatal infectious disease worldwide. 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Read More ...","og_url":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/publicacoes\/vol18-no2\/vol18-no2-art1\/","og_site_name":"Learning and NonLinear Models","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/09\/orcid.jpg","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. tempo de leitura":"1 minuto"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/publicacoes\/vol18-no2\/vol18-no2-art1\/","url":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/publicacoes\/vol18-no2\/vol18-no2-art1\/","name":"Comparative Analysis of Convolutional Neural Networks Applied in the Detection of Pneumonia Through X-Ray Images of Children - Learning and NonLinear Models","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/publicacoes\/vol18-no2\/vol18-no2-art1\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/publicacoes\/vol18-no2\/vol18-no2-art1\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/09\/orcid.jpg","datePublished":"2021-01-19T14:37:46+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/publicacoes\/vol18-no2\/vol18-no2-art1\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"pt-BR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/publicacoes\/vol18-no2\/vol18-no2-art1\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"pt-BR","@id":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/publicacoes\/vol18-no2\/vol18-no2-art1\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/09\/orcid.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/09\/orcid.jpg"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/publicacoes\/vol18-no2\/vol18-no2-art1\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Browse issues","item":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/publicacoes\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Learning &#038; Nonlinear Models &#8211; L&#038;NLM &#8211; Volume 18 &#8211; N\u00famero 2","item":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/publicacoes\/vol18-no2\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Comparative Analysis of Convolutional Neural Networks Applied in the Detection of Pneumonia Through X-Ray Images of Children"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/#website","url":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/","name":"Learning and NonLinear Models","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"pt-BR"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/#organization","name":"Learning and NonLinear Models","url":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"pt-BR","@id":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/logo-lnlm.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/logo-lnlm.png","width":398,"height":94,"caption":"Learning and NonLinear Models"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1318","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1318"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1318\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1306"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbia.org.br\/lnlm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1318"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}